Understanding Dementia and Establishing a Care Routine

Understanding Dementia Types and Progression

Different types of dementia include Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Each type affects the brain differently, which means symptoms and progression can vary.

• Common symptoms: memory loss, confusion, difficulty with communication, and changes in personality
• Dementia progresses through stages, from mild to severe
• Early diagnosis helps manage symptoms, plan care, and access support sooner

Developing a Person-Centred Care Approach

Caring for someone with dementia is not just about managing the condition — it’s about supporting the person.

• Focus on individual preferences, routines, and values
• Consider their cultural background and personal history
• Support independence and dignity where possible
• Adjust care plans as the person’s needs change

Creating a Care Plan

A care plan ensures that everyone involved understands the goals and day-to-day care required.

• Collaborate with healthcare professionals and home care services to create a tailored strategy
• Involve the person with dementia in decisions when possible
• Set realistic, achievable goals
• Review and update the plan regularly as needs evolve

Building a Support Network

You don’t have to do it alone. “You don’t have to do everything alone — support is part of good care.”

• Identify who is involved in care: family, friends, professionals
• Connect with local support groups and find a carer through community organisations
• Access respite care to take breaks and avoid carer burnout
• Join peer support groups for practical and emotional help

Daily Care and Quality of Life Management

Establishing Effective Communication

Communication can become more difficult over time, but simple strategies can help.

• Use clear, short sentences
• Support speech with gestures, facial expressions, and touch
• Be patient — allow time for responses
• Avoid arguing and confrontation; redirect rather than correct

Creating and Maintaining Routine

Structure provides comfort and stability.

• Stick to consistent daily schedules
• Build in flexibility to respond to changing needs
• Include familiar and enjoyable activities
• Use calendars, labels, and visual cues to support memory

Managing Personal Care and Hygiene

“The best care plans are built on respect, patience, and adaptability.”

• Offer gentle encouragement and privacy
• Adapt bathrooms with grab rails or non-slip mats
• Handle incontinence discreetly and respectfully
• Try different approaches if there is resistance to personal care

Nutrition and Mealtime Management

“The little things — a familiar song, a warm meal, a walk in the garden — can make the biggest difference.”

• Provide well-balanced meals and regular drinks
• Minimise distractions at mealtimes, make them a positive experience
• Adapt food for ease of eating as well as changing food preferences
• Managing swallowing difficulties and preventing weight loss that can lead to increased fraility

Supporting Mobility and Physical Activity

Movement supports both physical and mental health.

• Encourage walking, stretching, or light exercise
• Remove trip hazards to prevent falls
• Introduce walking aids or mobility equipment as needed
• Modify activities based on ability

Promoting Cognitive Stimulation and Meaningful Activities

Meaningful activities support emotional wellbeing and slow cognitive decline.

• Choose activities they enjoy and can still do
• Use memory books (scrapbooks/photo albums), music, art, or gardening
• Keep sessions short and engaging
• Balance stimulation with quiet time to prevent being overwhelmed

Managing Sleep Problems

Sleep disturbances are common but manageable.

• Keep consistent bedtime routines
• Create a calm, safe sleep environment
• Limit long daytime naps
• Talk to a GP or explore overnight care options if sleep problems persist

Medication Management

Managing medicines safely is essential for health and wellbeing.

• Use pill box/organiser or reminders
• Track side effects and effectiveness
• Discuss concerns with doctors or pharmacists
• Explore non-drug options if appropriate

Creating Safe Environments and Handling Challenges

Home Safety Adaptations

Small changes can prevent accidents and provide peace of mind.

• Review rooms for hazards (e.g., rugs, stairs, lighting)
• Install locks, alarms, and safety aids
• Use sensors or apps for monitoring movement and changes in temperature of rooms
• Maintain familiar surroundings to avoid confusion, too much change can have a negative effect

Managing Behavioural Changes

Understanding what’s behind a behaviour helps reduce distress.

• Look for triggers such as pain, noise, or frustration
• Use calm, reassuring communication strategies for agitation, anxiety or even aggression
• Try redirection and comforting activities
• Address hallucinations and delusions with empathy, it is their ‘reality’
• Talk to professionals about persistent or severe symptoms

Transportation and Community Access

Keeping connected to the community is important but may need adjustments.

• Assess if it’s still safe to drive
• Explore local transport or lift options
• Choose dementia-friendly venues for outings
• Plan ahead to reduce stress

Navigating Healthcare Systems

Healthcare can be complex — being organised makes it easier.

• Keep records of appointments, medications, and diagnoses
• Speak up during consultations; take someone with you – Advocate for them
• Know your rights to services and financial help
• Learn about available benefits or funding options

End-of-Life Care Considerations

“Caring for someone with dementia is a journey — and it’s okay to ask for directions along the way.”

• Learn about palliative and hospice care
• Respect the person’s wishes and values
• Focus on comfort, dignity, and pain relief
• Get emotional and spiritual support for everyone involved
• Prepare for grief and transition at the end of life

Carer Self-Care Strategies

“Looking after yourself isn’t selfish — it’s essential.”

• Notice signs of burnout or stress
• Develop personal coping mechanisms – take breaks and seek respite care
• Set boundaries and ask for help
• Stay connected to friends, hobbies, and your own health needs